Definition Paraphrase Examples

Like paraphrases, abstracts are reformulations of original statements. Although paraphrases are precise and specific, summaries are short and selective. Summaries report key points in an abridged version of the original, while paraphrases simply repeat the original statement in a new way. Here`s an example of a paraphrase summary: To make sure you`ve paraphrased and cited all your sources correctly, you can choose to do a plagiarism check before submitting your article. And of course, you should always read your source material yourself and make the first attempt to paraphrase yourself. 2. Human Judgment: Using each of the lexical changes for the applicable sentences, how often does each of these changes produce acceptable quasi-paraphrases? You can make a first attempt to paraphrase it by exchanging a few words for synonyms. Paraphrasing is often found in pop culture when trying to translate the language of plays, poems, and older stories such as Shakespeare`s works. Here are some examples of paraphrasing in pop culture: The “para.” in this quote refers to a paragraph number. This is because the source is a website with no page number – paragraph numbers are used as an alternative locator to indicate which part of the text is paraphrased. For more information, see our guide to citations in the APA text. I hope this helps! This paraphrase is an example of a reformulation that shortens and simplifies while maintaining the same meaning. It`s a good idea to paraphrase in most cases instead of quoting because: Once you have your text perfectly paraphrased, you need to make sure you mention the original author.

You`ll always paraphrase sources in the same way, but you`ll need to use a different type of citation in the text depending on the citation style you follow. One of the reasons paraphrasing detection systems have been difficult to create is that paraphrases are difficult to define. Although the strict interpretation of the term “paraphrase” is quite narrow because it requires exactly the same meaning, paraphrases in the linguistic literature are most often characterized by an approximate equivalence of meaning between sentences or sentences. De Beaugrande and Dressler (1981, page 50) define paraphrases as “an approximate conceptual equivalence between externally different materials.” Hirst (2003, slide 9) defines paraphrases as “talking about the same situation in a different way.” He argues that paraphrases are not completely synonymous: there are pragmatic differences in paraphrases, namely differences in evaluation, connotation, point of view, etc. According to Mel`cuk (2012, page 7), “an approximate synonymy of sentences is considered sufficient for them to be made from the same SemS”. He adds that approximate paraphrases contain implications (not in the logical sense, but in the everyday sense). Clark (1992, page 172) rejects the idea of absolute synonymy by saying, “All two forms (in language) contrast in meaning.” Overall, there are a large number of articles in the linguistic literature that argue that paraphrases are not limited to strict synonymy. 6. Substitution of pronouns/co-speakers: Replacing a pronoun with the noun it refers to gives a paraphrase of the original sentence/sentence.

This often results in the strictest paraphrase that preserves meaning. Example: There is a fine line between plagiarism and paraphrasing. If the wording or even sentence structure of the paraphrased text is too close to the wording of the original content, it seems like you`re trying to pass someone else`s words off as your own. This is plagiarism that is unethical and, in some cases, even illegal. The main ideas must be heard, but the wording must be yours. Sometimes you just need to rewrite the information in a sentence. Here are some examples of paraphrasing individual sentences: To paraphrase effectively, don`t just take the original sentence and exchange certain words for synonyms. Instead, try: 2. Antonym substitution: Replacing a word/sentence with its antonym, accompanied by a negation or denying another word in the appropriate context, results in a paraphrase of the original sentence/sentence. This replacement may be accompanied by the addition/deletion of appropriate function words. Example: Sometimes it is enough to simply quote another person`s words, but there are times when it is better to paraphrase.

Let`s take a look at what would be the perfect time to paraphrase: 1. Substitution of synonyms: Replacing a word or phrase with a synonymous word or phrase in the appropriate context results in a paraphrase of the original sentence or phrase. This category includes the special case of genitives, in which the clitic is replaced by other genitive indicators such as von, by the and so on. This category also covers quasi-synonymy, that is, it allows changes in the evaluation, connotation, etc. of words or sentences between paraphrases. Example: 3. For each sentence selected in step 2, we applied the corresponding lexical changes to the word or phrase selected in step 1 to generate a potential paraphrase.2 For example, we could apply a synonym substitution to sentence (a) and replace the word buy with its purchase of WordNet synonyms. The result is the following sentence: Whenever you paraphrase, it is important to cite the source. Also, be careful not to use formulations that are too similar to the original. Otherwise, there is a risk that you will commit plagiarism.

A definition of which phenomena are paraphrases and which are not has been a problem in the past. While some people have used a very narrow interpretation of paraphrases – paraphrases must be exactly logically equivalent – others have adopted broader perspectives that even consider semantic implications to be acceptable paraphrases. To our knowledge, no one outside of specific linguistic interpretation frameworks (such as the theory of the text of meaning [Mel`cuk 1996]) has attempted to create a general and exhaustive list of transformations that define paraphrases. In this article, we provide such a list. We also tried to empirically quantify the distribution and accuracy of the list. It should be noted that some types of quasi-paraphrases dominate, while others are very rare. However, we also observed that the dominant transformations vary depending on the type of corpus of paraphrases used, indicating the diversity of paraphrase behavior. Based on the wide variety of possible transformations that paraphrases can generate, it seems likely that the types of paraphrases considered useful depend on the application in question.

This could motivate the creation of lists specific to the application of authorized paraphrases and the development of automatic methods to distinguish between different types of paraphrases. Paraphrasing can be found in a variety of journalistic sources, from newspapers to film documentaries to literary magazines. Here are some examples of paraphrasing in the literature: 20. Change the tense: Changing the tense of a verb in the appropriate context results in a paraphrase of the original sentence/sentence.