Portuguese Legal Forms

A limited liability company (korlátolt felelsségű társaság or Kft.) is a separate and autonomous legal entity. Separate and distinct legal entity. There are 2 types of board structures that can be chosen (i.e. the one-tier board structure or the dualistic board structure). Separate and distinct legal entity. Must be registered in the Israeli Commercial Register. Managed by a board of directors responsible for major business decisions and overseeing the overall affairs of the company. Directors are appointed by the shareholders of the corporation. The Chief Executive Officer, when appointed (appointment not required), is appointed by the Board of Directors and manages the day-to-day management of the company. Other officers may be appointed. A public limited company is a legal person whose liability can be exercised exclusively on its assets and not on its shareholders personally.

Under French law, the branch is a direct form of establishment by a foreign company in France. A branch is not an independent legal entity and is therefore considered to be the same legal entity as the foreign company, which remains solely responsible for the operation of its branch in France. Companies with public capital are those which, voluntarily or on the basis of a legal obligation, register their shares in the public register of the securities market of the Securities Market Authority (Registro Público del Mercado de Valores de la Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores) and are under the control of this supervisory authority. Private stock companies are those that are registered as such and cannot have more than 20 shareholders. After all, businesses are those that are not considered open or closed. The GmbH is a company for all types of companies with a commercial organization and its own legal personality. The shareholders control the company mainly on instructions from the managing directors. It has a share capital equal to the sum of the contributions in shares to be paid by the shareholders. Only the company is liable to the creditors for the company`s debts. The legal framework allows for an individual foundation to some extent.

It is an administrative body of a multinational corporation and therefore not a separate and autonomous legal entity. It was created to monitor, communicate and coordinate the subsidiaries, subsidiaries and branches of the multinational in the Asia-Pacific region. It is not permitted to do business or earn income from sources located in the Philippines. Their activities must be fully subsidized by incoming transfers from their headquarters. It is an extension and not a separate and distinct entity from the foreign company. It operates at headquarters and receives income from the Philippines. A resident agent will be appointed to whom subpoenas and other legal proceedings may be served on behalf of the foreign company. A separate and distinct legal entity governed by a board of directors responsible for important business decisions. The board of directors also has a supervisory role with respect to the activities of the company and the directors of the company. Directors are elected by the shareholders of the Corporation.

Employees may have the right to appoint a minority of board members if the number of employees exceeds certain thresholds. The day-to-day operations of the company are usually carried out by the Chief Executive Officer, who is appointed by the Board of Directors. However, private LLCs are not required to have a director. If this is the case, the Chair of the Board of Directors is responsible for day-to-day management. The shareholders of the company form the general meeting, which is the highest body of the company. Independent legal entity. Companies created by or with foreign investors must comply with general company law (and, where applicable, company law) in accordance with the new Foreign Investment Law, which entered into force on 1 January 2020. Therefore, depending on the foreign ownership in a limited liability company (LLC) or a limited liability company on shares, as shown below, it would always be useful to refer to a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) or a Sino-foreign joint venture in the economic sense. However, a WFOE or joint venture, including a participating joint venture (EJV) or a contractual joint venture (CJV), would no longer exist as a legal form. All foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in China have the legal form of a company (LLC or listed company) or partnership. According to Handelsbolagslagen, a trading company (Handelsbolag or HB) consists of an agreement between 2 or more natural and/or legal persons for the conduct of business.

The most frequently cited advantage of HB is its flexibility. The partners are free to shape their relationships as they see fit, without the restrictions of a form of partnership. As part of an HB, complex structures can be constructed that take into account many different properties and circumstances. HB shareholders are personally liable for the company`s agreements and debts. There are 3 types of limited liability companies: joint-stock companies, limited liability companies and limited partnerships. They are all separate and distinct legal entities. A limited liability company belongs to the shareholders and the shareholders` meeting is the ultimate authority of the company. However, shareholders control the company primarily by directing and supervising the board of directors and/or chief executive officer. As a general rule, only the company is liable to creditors for the company`s debts, and once the share contribution is paid, shareholders are not required to continue contributing to the company`s capital. The branch (sucursal) of a non-resident economic entity is a permanent establishment carrying out an economic activity in Portugal, whose registration is compulsory if this activity is carried on (or is to be carried on) for more than one year. It is a local extension of the commercial entity represented without legal personality, the management of the branch being carried out as part of the transfer of skills by the owning company.

In practice, it is treated as a national company in terms of taxation and compliance; However, unlike other legal systems, in Portugal it is not necessary to file the accounts of the `parent company` and, unlike a national company, the distribution of profits by the branch to the `parent company` is not taxable.