Law Equivalent Degree

In addition to LL.B., the University of Hong Kong offers a variety of blended programs that allow students to pursue a first degree and then have the opportunity to pursue a subjunctive law degree, including Bachelor of Business Administration (Law) (abbreviated as “BBA (Law) &LLB” or BLaw), Bachelor of Social Science (Government & Laws) (“BSocSc (Govt & Laws) &LLB”), or as GLaws) and Bachelor of Arts (Literature) (“BA&LLB”, or as ALaw). The previous co-ed program also includes the Bachelor of Engineering (Civil Engineering). In India, legal education is traditionally offered in the form of a three-year degree conferring the title of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B./B.L.), which requires prospective students to have a bachelor`s degree in any subject from a recognized institution. Professional doctorates were awarded in the United States in the 19th century. The first was the Doctor of Medicine in 1807,[54]:162 but at that time the legal system in the United States was still evolving as educational institutions evolved, and the status of the legal profession was not yet clear at the time, so the professional degree took longer to develop. Even when some universities offered legal training, they did not offer degrees. [54]:165 Since there were no court inns in the United States and English degrees did not provide the necessary vocational training, the English models were not applicable and the course took some time to develop. [54]: 164 It should be noted that the structure of the undergraduate course is currently being revised. The problems identified are: graduates of these programs are less prepared for the profession than those aspiring to the LLB; Only 20% of participants complete the program within four years; Only about 50% of graduates here enter the legal profession.

[36] In addition, there are those who question the academic standard of the new degree. [37] Some universities have since dropped out of the program; [38] In other cases, students must first register as arts, commerce or natural sciences students – with law subjects in the first year – and in the second year, only those who meet certain criteria can opt for the four-year Bachelor of Laws. [39] Pakistan is a common law country, and to become a lawyer in Pakistan, you must obtain a law degree, usually LL.B. by a Pakistani or foreign university in a common law country recognized by the Pakistan Bar Council. [23] Lawyers are called lawyers in Pakistan. A lawyer must be a member of one of the provincial bar councils, namely the Punjab Bar Council, the Sindh Bar Council, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council, the Balochistan Bar Council or the Islamabad Bar Council. Therefore, the pursuit of the double degree today, at least for school leavers, should above all indicate that one can be well versed in two disciplines. Unlike specialized distinctions, a second degree is obtained separately within the prescribed time frame. The principle of the double degree is rarely reversed; Just as an arts or science degree may provide an exemption from the full academic (non-professional) requirements of a subsequent law degree, a law degree may provide an exemption from all the academic requirements of a subsequent art or science degree. [ref. needed] In this case, the second degree is more likely to be taken as a self-funded older student, possibly part-time. The law school does not require a master`s degree, but it does require a bachelor`s degree.

The LL.B. degree was first awarded in this country by Harvard in 1820 and quickly gained acceptance as the first standard professional law degree. The relevance of awarding a Bachelor of Juridical Studies could be attributed to the fact that admission to most nineteenth-century American law schools was based on a satisfactory high school diploma. In addition, some Canadian universities with a common law faculty have entered into an agreement with a Canadian university with a Quebec civil law school that allows students to obtain the law degree from the home school in three years and the law degree from the exchange school in the fourth year. In the mid-19th century, there were serious concerns about the quality of legal education in the United States. C.C. Langdell was Dean of Harvard Law School from 1870 to 1895 and devoted his life to reforming law education in the United States. Historian Robert Stevens wrote that “Langdell`s goal was to transform the legal profession into an academic profession—not at the bachelor`s level, but through a three-year post-baccalaureate degree.” [16] This graduate study would allow for the intensive legal education Langdell had developed, known as the case method (a method of investigating landmark cases) and the Socratic method (a method of examining students on the court`s reasoning in cases under investigation). This is why a high-level degree in law has been proposed: the Juris Doctor, which implements the case and Socratic methods as a didactic approach. [57] According to Professor J. H.

Beale, who graduated from Harvard Law School in 1882, one of the main arguments in favour of this change was uniformity. Harvard`s four vocational schools—theology, law, medicine, arts, and sciences—were all graduate schools, and so their degrees were second degrees. Two of them obtained a doctorate and the other two obtained a bachelor`s degree. The move from LL.B. to J.D. was intended to “put an end to this discrimination, the practice of granting the first degree normally to persons who already have their primary diploma”. [58] The J.D. was proposed as the equivalent of the German J.U.D. to reflect the advanced study required to be an effective lawyer.

In the Australian qualification framework, the Juris Doctor is classified as a “Master (Advanced)”, with one exception to carry the title of Juris Doctor (other exceptions are Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dentistry and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine). It cannot be called a doctorate and holders cannot use the title “doctor”. Along with other advanced master`s degrees, the JD takes three to four years after a bachelor`s degree of at least three years. [7] [94] The J.D. The degree is the dominant common law degree in Canada and replaces the traditional LL.B. degree known in Commonwealth countries. [95] The University of Toronto was the first to rename its law degree from LL.B. to J.D.

in 2001. As with the LL.B. for the second entry, applicants must have completed at least two or three years of study toward a bachelor`s degree and a high score on the North American Law School admission test to be admitted to a juris doctoral program. [96] In practice, almost all successful candidates have completed one or more degrees prior to admission to a Canadian common law faculty. [97] Nevertheless, it is considered a bachelor`s degree, along with other early professional degrees. [12] All Canadian Juris Doctor programs are three years long and have similar content in their mandatory first-year courses. Mandatory first-year courses at Canadian law schools outside Quebec include public law (i.e., state, constitutional and administrative law), property law, tort law, contract law, criminal law, and legal research and writing. [98] The University of Chicago Law School was the first to offer the J.D. in 1902,[33]:112-117, when it was only one of five law schools that required their applicants to earn a degree. [55] While Harvard approval was still pending, the degree was introduced at many other law schools, including NYU, Berkeley, Michigan, and Stanford law schools. Due to tradition and concern about smaller universities adopting a JD curriculum, major Eastern law schools such as Harvard, Yale, and Columbia have refused to implement the degree. Harvard, for example, refused to allow the J.D.

Although in 1909 it limited admission to college students. [59] In fact, pressure from eastern law schools led almost all law schools (with the exception of the University of Chicago and other Illinois law schools) to abandon the J.D. and re-adopt the LL.B. as their first law degree in the 1930s. [59]:21 Until 1962, the Young Women diploma was rarely seen outside the Midwest. [59] The J.D. should not be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor (LLD or LL.D.). In institutions where the latter can be acquired, for example Cambridge University (where he bears the title of “Doctor of Law”, although he still retains the abbreviation LL.D.) and many other UK institutions, it is a senior research doctorate that has represented a significant contribution to the field for many years – a level of professional experience that goes far beyond that for a doctorate and academic achievement well beyond a professional degree such as the J.D. [27] In the United States, the LL.D. is invariably an honorary degree. The Bachelor of Laws (abbreviated LL.B., LLB or rarely, Ll.B.) is a Bachelor of Laws generally offered after three or more years of college education followed by three years of law school. The degree was first awarded in the Philippines by the Ateneo de Manila School of Law, which first developed the model curriculum, which was later adopted by most schools that now offer the J.D.

Nach dem Ateneo begannen Schulen wie das University of Batangas College of Law, die University of St. La Salle – College of Law und das De La Salle Lipa College of Law[132], den J.D. anzubieten, wobei Schulen wie das Far Eastern University Institute of Law mit dem Ramon V. Del Rosario College of Business der De La Salle University das erste JD-MBA-Programm des Landes anboten. [133] Im Jahr 2008 began das University of the Philippines College of Law mit der Verleihung des J.D.